![]() There may be the additional hazards from gas emissions, hot springs or fumaroles: for example, carbon dioxide is an invisible odourless gas that can accumulate in depressions in the ground or caves, replacing the oxygen in the air leading to asphyxiation hot springs can cause chemical and heat burns fumaroles emit gases. When a volcano is not erupting the hazards are pretty much the same as for any mountain: altitude, weather, avalanche, rock fall, getting lost in unfamiliar terrain, not being properly prepared, and/or not looking where you are going while taking that selfie / photo. This is a list and brief description of the major volcanic hazards, both when the volcano is in repose and when it is erupting. This involves understanding the hazards posed by the volcano, the losses that would be incurred should an event occur and putting appropriate measures in place, where possible. The purpose of volcanic risk mitigation is to reduce the losses from a volcanic eruption or other volcanic hazard. If you want to visit a volcano, do your research, take advice and have an enjoyable trip. ![]() Your insurance company and local rescue teams would probably take a very dim view of any accidents arising should you stray into the zone and need rescuing. Where there is an exclusion zone in place, the local authorities consider it too unsafe for the general public to go into that zone. It is usually possible to view an erupting volcano from a safe distance if you follow local official advice. Newhall, Public DomainĪ quick word about visiting a volcano before we get into volcanic hazards. We have updated the plot to 16 August 2021 to show the location of the 20 earthquakes.įig 1: Pyroclastic flows at Mayan, 1984, Philippines by C. Vincent And A Quick Tour Of The Plates Surrounding The Caribbean Plate). We looked at the Caribbean Plate in February 2021 ( Mt. USGS note that four other large earthquakes are known to have occurred in the region: October 1751 in the Gulf of Azua at the eastern end of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone November 1751 at Plaine du Cul-de-Sac which destroyed Port-au-Prince June 1770 which also destroyed Port-au-Prince and, April 1860 which also caused a tsunami. In all, over 220,000 were killed, more than 300,000 injured and around 300,000 homes damaged or destroyed. It is likely that this earthquake occurred in the same fault system as the devastating January 2010 7.0M earthquake which occurred near Port-au-Prince, the capital.įig 3: Moment tensor from USGS: M 7.2 – Nippes, Haiti ()Īccording to the DEC, the January 2010 earthquake not only caused significant loss of life and damage but also severally impacted Haiti’s government and infrastructure: 25% civil servants died, 60% government buildings, 80% schools in Port-au-Prince and 60% schools in the South and West departments were destroyed. This fault zone accommodates 7mm per year of the 20mm per year of the relative plate motion. The faulting mechanism for this earthquake indicates oblique thrust faulting along the fault zone. The earthquake occurred in the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden Fault zone on the transform plate boundary between the Caribbean Plate and the North American Plate. Tektites have been found in the Beloc Formation, Haiti, which are thought to have originated from the asteroid impact in Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico, which caused the K-Pg mass extinction event 66 million years ago. The presence of picrite in the Duarte Complex in central Hispaniola and enriched basalts in southern Haiti are thought to be indicative of earlier hotspot activity ![]() There are two Pleistocene volcanoes in Haiti, the nepheline basalt scoria cones of Morne la Vigie, north of Port au Prince, and Thomazeau, east north east of Port-au-Prince, both of which were active around 1.5 million years ago and, three in the Dominican Republic, the basaltic cinder cones of San Juan, trachyandesite lava domes and flows of the Dos Hermanos volcanic field and the rhyolitic to basalt Valle Nuevo volcanic field. While the island has a volcanic past, there has not been any reported volcanic activity in the Holocene. The country is poor, politically unstable and yet to recover from the 2010 earthquake. Haiti has an estimated population of 11.4 million (2018). Hispaniola was formed from the collision of volcanic arcs with the North American Plate the island is made up of 11 former island arcs. F ig 2: Cropped image from one digitally altered by Mikenorton of the Gonâve Microplate (plate boundaries, main faults, islands and plates were added).
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